No. A special antenna is not required simply because a television station uses ATSC 3.0.
A TV antenna receives radio frequency energy. The antenna does not decode whether the information carried by that RF signal uses ATSC 1.0, ATSC 3.0, or another compatible broadcast format.
ATSC 1.0 and ATSC 3.0 services in the United States use terrestrial television RF spectrum received by conventional television antennas.
What matters when selecting an antenna is the RF channel and frequency being transmitted, along with signal strength, tower direction, terrain, antenna gain, frequency coverage, and installation location.
The receiving tuner, rather than the antenna, is what must support the television broadcast standard.
Therefore, terms such as ATSC 3.0 antenna, NextGen TV antenna, 4K antenna, or digital antenna should not be interpreted as fundamentally different antenna technologies.
A properly selected TV antenna can continue serving the antenna system as receiving electronics and broadcast technologies evolve.